Seven U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals have adopted the equitable doctrine that non-signatories can be bound by a forum-selection provision if they are “closely related” to the contract, but “there is good reason to be dubious” about this rule, the 5th Circuit explained in an appeal.Only two of the courts — the 3rd and 7th Circuits — have attempted to provide “in-depth” justifications for the doctrine. And despite the 5th Circuit’s qualms, it ultimately decided that …