WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court said Monday it will take up a Republican-led challenge to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, a case that could threaten how the consumer watchdog agency functions. It is the second time in three years that the justices will be examining the federal agency, which was created in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis.The case will not be heard before October. That’s when the court begins its next term.Late last year, a federal appeals court — the U.S. Court of Appeals …