At first glance, the concept of a one-man autobiographical musical memoir written and performed by a relatively obscure Englishman might not appear to some as a scintillating night in the theater.But the world premiere of David Cale’s “We’re Only Alive for a Short Amount of Time,” currently at the Goodman Theatre through Oct. 21, is just that and more.When you add the superb direction of Goodman’s renowned artistic director Robert Falls, the exquisite lighting of Jennifer Tipton and the lush …