For litigants, access to the federal courts is often a highly sought-after commodity. However, jurisdiction is not always easy to establish.A defect in jurisdiction will result in the remand of a case to state court, as “the requirement that jurisdiction be established as a threshold matter … is ‘inflexible and without exception.’” Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Environment, 523 U.S. 83, 94-95 (1988).Federal jurisdiction is generally established by pleading federal question or diversity …